Disk data backup of any data protection strategy is the most important work, but, according to some estimates, more than half of the backup or a total failure, or the partial failure. When you find the reason for the failure of the backup, the same question is always constantly repeated. The following is a backup caused by the failure on the list of frequently asked questions, the issues listed in the order of the list is in accordance with their frequency of occurrence ordered from largest to smallest.

1. Disk Error

Disk failure in almost all the backup and restore failures in the list are ranked first. Based on this, to re-examine the backup disk and used wisely for their use of them is particularly important.

With regard to disk backup, this means ensuring you are in the processing and storage, there are rules to replace the disk, as well as the plan according to the manufacturer when you can remove the driver software vendors, according to a guide to conduct. This also means that any suspicious abandoned the disk.

Do not think that CD-based backup allows you suffer from disk failure. Although the backup CD-ROM disk failures occurred than in disk backup tape is much lower, but this failure is still likely to occur.

For example, often use the backup CD-ROM SATA arrays, because these arrays a lower cost, and in this case, the lower the performance of the system can also support the backup. However, the “low performance” and “low reliability” equating it is a big mistake. By using no extra energy supply and hot spare backup CD-ROM features an array to save costs make data at risk.

2. Human operational error

Although this type of error came in second place, but human error may cause the backup operation failure the most likely causes. For example, if the disk is in use has not been properly stored, then this really be regarded as human factors, or factors that caused by disk failure? Typically, in any backup failures that the factors are a very significant factor.

Human error in the backup in the best protection against the measure is right for backup operations staff training to enable them to carry out in accordance with the best operational procedures. Backup and storage to ensure that employees can accurately understand what they need to do – and do not need to do.

It is also possible to free people from the cycle of a good idea. In an ideal situation, the backup does not require any human behavior. With particular attention to those who back up an individual’s primary responsibility is not the case – for example, in the branch are required to-disk backup every night a staff member.

3. Software error

In some cases, the new software or new versions of a piece of software may also cause backup to fail. For example, Windows XP, SP2 will automatically turn on your firewall. When Microsoft released SP2 version of the system, many network backup failed because the backup software in the design, and not taken into account through the firewall issue.

More common situation is that the problem is the wrong configuration. Now many of the backup software is very flexible; In other words, you have a number of alternative software, but choose the wrong software may lead to a full backup or backup of a complete failure.

A related issue is the backup configuration and the modern storage environment, like the other configuration is no longer a static. With the continuous addition and transfer of resources, as well as interests change, need to back up the list of documents also need to change.

4. Hardware Error Code

For example, the current trend is deliberately malicious in the disk drive in the manufacture of certain defects. As the drive continued evolution of the head is also gradually changing. A result, other drivers can not read the disk – the same time, the disk drive can not read some time ago to write in this disk file. This malicious part of the disk drive is almost always refers to those who can only read only recently written on the disk files, so the backup process, the disk is no reason to soon after a validation phase.

5. Network Error

On the network backup can save a number of backup settings to increase efficiency. However, this backup program also introduces another possible point of failure backup. From the failure or weakness of the host bus adapter (HBA) to the wrong configuration of the switches in every place can cause backup to fail.

For this reason that caused the backup failure situation should be less, because the network, local area network (LAN) or storage area network (SAN) to use in other areas, much more, not just a backup. Therefore this problem in general they may be damaged before the backup will become obvious.

How to resolve backup failures

Regardless of the backup failure led to what is, in order to make the backup failure without damaging your entire organization the best way is to implement a routine recoverability test to verify that the backup is feasible. Routine testing does not prevent the backup of a backup failure, but they will help you noticed the problem, but it also allows you to those who really need the backup, as well as in the event of unforeseen circumstances before the malicious will be able to solve the problem.

With the popularity of computer use, we more and more documents are stored in a computer which, once the hard drive problems may suffer, and thought of his hard work, then the lost document, it really is jumping from a height of the heart , you know.
After some of my own practice (can also be said to be a painful lesson) In fact, the hard disk problems can be done before the preventive work, such as backup hard disk partition, although the backup is only a small file out, but that can be your hard drive data The life-saving straw. In addition most of the hard disk data errors, or to have to restore opportunity for growth.
Now I introduce to you a backup hard drive partition and recovery of small tools – Kingsoft attached to a disk tool kavfix, it can dos, windows9x, win2000/nt direct use of the system very convenient. (Size 110k, in the installation directory of drug tyrants can be found, I personally like to use drugs Pa 2001 version of the dos command line with a version of the kavfix, later that I make are not accustomed to graphical interfaces)
First, tell us how to use the kavfix to the hard disk partition table backup. Backup is the first hard drive under normal conditions to keep a record of the correct partition.
First run kavfix command, you’ll see the following tips: (all e-man, but the specification of drug tyrants have a simple translation)
KAVFIX Menu Description:
0. Fast Fix HardDisk quick fix hard drive
1. Normal Fix HardDisk repair the hard disk
2. Backup Process Sectors backup will be restored Sector
3. Restore Process Sectors to restore a backup
4. Restore Process Sectors and kill boot virus to restore the backup and clear the boot sector virus
5. Backup Boot Record backup master boot record and partition boot sector
6. Restore Boot Record to restore a backup of the master boot record and partition boot sector
7. Restore Boot Record and kill boot virus to restore the backup master boot record and partition boot sector and remove boot sector viruses
8. Display Hard Disk Partition Table shows the hard disk partition information
9. Destory Hard Disk MBR Master Boot Record sector mark removal
Q. Quit Quit Kavfix

Do not be afraid to use these commands are similar, the backup partition information when we use only the parameters of five on the list. Choose 5 will appear later:
1, Please input harddisk (0,1,2 ,…):
Select the backup hard disk number, the first a hard drive is numbered 0, if the backup hard disk number is a second block, the other extended
2, Do you want to backup MBR for undo (Y / N)?
Asked whether the master boot record (usually c drive) to back up select y
3, Please input MBR backup file name:
Please enter the backup file name
** Recommend the use of reliable floppy would be a clean disk into the floppy drive, enter the path and a file name, such as a: mydisk1
4, Reading MBR sector … ok!
Saving to file … ok!
Said that a successful backup
5, Do you want to backup the boot record of logic drive (Y / N):
Does the backup logical partition (generally refers to behind the partition) Select y
Backup file OK!
Backup successful
6, the best kavfix files are also stored in the disk, the disk where the backup file to save well to prepare for future recovery.

Is to use a backup just in case, if your hard disk partition boot sector viruses have been destroyed, or to adjust their own partition wrong, this backup will be able to play a role in reviving.
We use an absolutely clean windows boot floppy disk or dos boot floppy disk to start the system, then change into our backup floppy disks, or run kavfix command.
Use kavfix the 6 function “6. Restore Boot Record” to restore the master boot record and partition boot sector, suggesting that information and the backup is very similar to the time.
1, Please input harddisk (0,1,2 ,…):
Choose to restore the hard disk number, the first a hard disk number is 0, the other extended
2, Do you want to restore MBR and Boot to undo the process (Y / N)?
Whether to reinstate the Master Boot Record Partition Boot Sector and the choice y
3, Please input MBR and Boot backup file name:
Enter the backup file name
Enter “a: mydisk” after the carriage return. (Please enter your backup file name)
4, Reading from file … ok!
Read file header … ok!
Write to disk … ok!
Read next record … ok!
Write to disk … ok!
Read next record … ok!
Write to disk … ok!
Restore MBR Boot Record successful!
That restore a backup successfully.
5, exit the disk to restart your system.
If the normal situation you will find those who are familiar with the systems and data.
Of course, very unfortunate if you do not have a backup is to trouble, that’s how we do? kavfix can still worth a try. Use kavfix 0 Feature will be able to boot sector viruses cih and other damage caused by the district play a role in the restoration.
However, in the repair, I wish to remind you must first back up with the current state in order to prevent result in no recovery partition change. In accordance with the above partition function of the backup partition on the hard drive, now back up, and then you can rest assured that attempts restored.
Use kavfix right way to repair the hard disk partition
Run KAVFix, select 0 repair hard drives, prompted to select the physical hard disk:

Please input harddisk (0, 1, 2, …):
Please enter the number to be repair the hard disk drive (the first one hard drive to 0, the other extended)

Do you want to backup MBR for undo (Y / N)?
Tip a backup master boot record data are used to repair after the failure of recovery, if you have backed up earlier could have been elected in N.

Kavfix will automatically repair your hard disk partition table, and prompts whether to rebuild the C drive

Do you want to Rebuild the C Drive (Y / N)?
In order to ensure that only the adjustment of partition, we recommend you use the n option, do not re-rebuild c drive.

Do you want to backup sector for undo (Y / N)?
When prompted to repair the backup data will be modified for the repair after the failure of recovery:
If we do not choose to rebuild c disk, then this backup can be saved.

Do you want to write Rebuild Partition Table to MBR (Y / N)?
After the repair kavfix will ask whether you will have repaired the data is written to the hard disk master boot record
Press Y to confirm.

At this point kavfix your hard disk has been repaired, press the Q key to exit,
Restart the machine, according to my experience, it should be said that 70% of the possible, you can retrieve your hard drive and the data. In addition, according to my tests, kavfix in the win2000 system, when used for more than 8G hard disk recovery effect is better than the dos mode. You can have problems hanging in the other win2000 hard disk system as a slave, through the main disk win2000 using kavfix for recovery. (Of course, the selection of the hard disk when you pay attention to selecting a number it wants to)

Here I must mention the kavfix of the 9 features “Destory Hard Disk MBR Master Boot Record sector clear sign” This is the command to delete the current partition information is mainly used in the current partition information when the case of errors clear the error message, usually requested Please do not use, otherwise they would have had to experience their own hands to recover.

Finally, it should say drug hegemony comes kavfix is a very good hard disk partition backup, restore and repair the software, but because it prompted were the use of e-man, may have been a little bit unfamiliar. Also would like to add a program is not a panacea, a lot of hard disk partition error situation is very complex. If the hard disk if the really important data can also be taken into account if the professional data recovery company for processing, Jinshan seems that they have (but have heard the price of data recovery hard drive than to buy a piece of the price even higher then, but added no charge can not be restored) . Recommendations or the use of kavfix yourself first to be a backup bar;)

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Ghost in the short span of 20 minutes reproduce a new operating system, but also save time and more worry.

Ghost on the basic approach is different from other backup software, which is a hard disk partition or the entire hard drive to operate as an object, you can complete copy objects (including the target hard drive partition information, the operating system boot sector information, etc.), and packaged as a compressed image file (IMAGE), when needed, but also can restore the image file corresponding to the corresponding partition or hard drive. Its features include Duikao between the two hard drives, two hard disk partitions Duikao, Duikao hard drive between two computers, making hard disk image file and so on, we use the area more than a backup feature, which be able to partition a hard drive into a compressed backup image file, and then stored on another partition hard drive or large capacity floppy disk in case the original partition problems, you can copy the parts of the image file to go back, let or partitions back to normal. Based on this, we can use Ghost to backup system and full recovery system.

Primary partition using Ghost Backup
Pure DOS mode, and does not load any application, implementation Ghost.exe documents show Ghost in the main screen, select Local → Partition → To Image “, the screen shows the hard disk and partition selection screen selection screen, as needed Select the desired backup hard drive that is the source disk (If there is only one hard drive you can press the Enter key) and the partition name, then display a stored image file of the screen, you can select the appropriate target disk and file name, the default extension is GHO, and the attribute hidden. then you can compress the image file dialog box, select No (non-compressed), Fast (low compression ratio, faster), High (high compression ratio, slower) three One of the machines should be configured according to their own to decide, in the final confirmation dialog box, select “Yes”, the image file began to generate.

Primary partition recovery
Produced the above image file, you can secure enough to try a variety of software, modify system parameters, in case the system hung up, it can quickly restore it to its original state. In accordance with the above method can still enter the Ghost main interface, select the Local → Partition → From Image, select the screen that appears the source disc (ie, the partition image file is stored, such as D:, E:, etc.) and image files, in the next dialogue box, select the target disk (C:), here we must pay attention to choose the right, because once established errors, all data will be fully covered by the last election “Yes”, return to work began.

Most system administrators have used a key to restore. Indeed, by one button backup and restore the content in the shortest possible time, to help administrators to restore a doubt that the operating system. But also the operating system can configure multiple restore points.

But then, a button up backup and restore operations more complicated, such as the need to restart the operating system to complete. And the function is still relatively simple and can not run directly under Windows operating system environment. Today Windows7 operating system has brought us this surprise could be in its platform, the content of the basic right to perform backup and restore partitions.

Open the Backup Configuration partition.

In Windows7 species, this partition backup file is called restore points. The restore point is that at some point in the operating system files and folders in a number of copies. When a user inadvertently when the can not modify or delete the file or folder changes, the system administrator can set up through the previous restore point to restore accidentally deleted files modification and misuse.

By default, Windows7 operating system, where only the operating system to open the system to defend the partition function. If you have other partitions on the system or hard disk to enable this feature, then the system administrator have to manually start it. In the desktop “computer” icon on the right-click, and then click “Properties” talks out of a control panel home page dialog box. In this window, the left, there is a “system defense” option. Click this system security, the following dialog box will pop up.

In this dialog, we can see that, by default, its only enabled the system to defend the system tray functionality. If the system administrator need to enable the other divisions to defend the function of the system, then you can select the relevant partition, and then select the configuration, you can restore point of the relevant parameters for the implementation of configuration.

By default, the three configurations, namely, to restore the system configuration and the previous versions of files, only to restore previous versions of files and close the system maintenance. System administrators can choose to perform according to the actual situation. Need to pay attention here is that, by default, Windows7 operating system will create a restore point every day. To this end the need for a restore point occupied by the size of hard disk space-bound. So as to avoid taking up too much because the restore point a lot of hard disk space. In the preparation can enable the system to defend feature, you can also configure the amount of hard disk space to use. When a restore point file exceed the maximum capacity limit, the system will automatically delete older restore points in order for the new restore points to free enough space. By default, the implementation of this capacity is not limited, it is very dangerous. Especially where the operating system partition, be sure to configure the maximum capacity. Because the operating system partition to prevent the remaining capacity of their children had a negative impact on operating performance.

However, I tested this feature, I find that a number of unexpected circumstances, do not know can belong to its operating system vulnerabilities. If System Restore is not enabled in the circumstances, we can still manually create a restore point. As shown above, if a partition is not enabled to defend capabilities, according to “establish” button, you can still create a system restore point. Only this time the system will not automatically create a restore point, and we need to establish a user manual. Also I see a number of windows found Windows7 operating system for localization is not yet very thorough. For some of the new added features, basically there is no implementation of the localization. Such as the figure above, you can clearly see that there are signs in English.

To restore the effect.

So in the end you can use this restore point play to restore the kind of effect? Following this writer several tests, follow-up so that everyone can learn more about Windwos7 a restore point to restore the effect.

Test 1: In one district, under a new folder, and then create a restore point. Then in this folder create a text document, enter some random elements. And then create a restore point. At this point this folder there are two restore points. The first is only one restore point file folder, no other information. The second restore point in addition to a folder, there is a new text document. At this point, I used a restore point first to perform a restore (which there is no new text document file), restore the found out that the new text document still exists. And then modify the contents of a text document, and then apply the implementation of the second restore point to restore. Then open the original text documents created, found that the contents have been restored. Through this test can be found, and its time to restore the restore point file must be in the folder being restored exist in the file. If this test, the first one is not a new restore point file, text document, the documents have been restored file a new text document. After restoring this new text document still exists. However, if there is a restore point files to a file, and the target folder does not exist in this file, then restored the deleted files will be restored to normal. So, using the Restore feature, then the new content for the restore point will not be overwritten. The only restore point prior to the establishment of the file that already exists has been affected. This is to restore the function keys with a big difference.

Test 2: folder, rename the file name of the file after the restore point. I created the above folder name from “New Folder” to “test folder” after, they found that the renamed folder attributes can not see the previously created restore points. Then I select the partition “Restore previous versions” option, then select the partition restore point, click open, you can still see the Create New Folder restore points. Shows the renamed folder, the original restore point still exists. Only between the two lost contact. I am puzzled. To do this if you want to change the name of the folder and then restored to its words must be in his folder or partition on the one executed. At the same time the system administrators need to know the name of the folder was renamed before. Otherwise, we can not use the original name of the establishment of a restore point to restore the renamed folder.

Recently, the virus spread to the period of the current computer virus, is evil, and before the shock wave of a similar type of virus is only to restart frequently, resulting in the computer not work properly, but now the virus apart from stealing your personal information, but also damage a user’s of data, such as the destruction of asp document, modify the. exe file, the virus will destroy the data to the users immeasurable loss. The data on the server is also very fragile, because the server is directly exposed to the public network environment, and therefore more vulnerable than the personal computer attacks and have been maliciously spread of virus; In addition, the server is running without interruption for many years, but there have been visitors, so it the disk has been operating at a high-intensity state, their life will not be very long, some physical faults often suddenly caught off guard to make the server administrator. Therefore, today we talk about the server data backup.

Enterprise, the importance of data backup web server

As information technology in all sectors in the field of application development, data are emerging every day hundreds of millions of modern enterprise development has been inextricably linked with the computer to the point where, with the increasing amount of data, backups have been more businesses concern, because they deeply understand that a lot of data results are non-renewable, or recycled is difficult to measure need to consume money and time, so the server data backup into a modern enterprise must be one of the tasks.

IT managers to hear the “backup” when the word, I feel like the people heard the words “insurance” the word is familiar with the pole, and strange to the extreme. Insurance benefits, only one accident in order to realize. Backup no different. For the system and data security, many IT managers chances are gradually eliminated, because corporate IT systems peripheral environment filled with countless uncertainties, so that at any time been a serious threat to data security. Cases abound, recently shocked the world the beauty of Blackout, as well as people at the mere mention of the “Blaster” computer virus, are reminding us – IT systems and data is so fragile. According to foreign data, Blaster virus, has given way to 120 losses set of enterprise IT systems, the peak rate of infection per hour, 30000 sets of the system. According to China’s IT security department data show that China suffered “Blaster” computer virus has reached 20 million units. The rapid development of China’s information technology needs to be data security as a solid guarantee.

Just as China’s insurance market compared with other countries are nascent Chinese server data backup market is not caused by business sufficient attention. There is a digital note, PC server, the backup rate of the domestic industry, the proportion of users, only 20% ~ 25%, while the global average figure is 50% ~ 60% (IDC report). In fact, this gap is the degree of China and the global information gap. With China’s gradual in-depth information technology, more and more on business structure in the information system.

As a result, the importance of data is more evident. The desire of modern business data has been to “every second counts,” the point, which also evolved into real-time data recovery needs. Most users will want to loss of information before the system can automatically protect data, while it does not affect the ongoing operation. As information systems and data, like insurance, select the backup in the protection of information technology investment in the inevitable choice.

Backup is only a means to backup data disaster, the purpose is to prevent, reduce downtime and ensure data security, server hardware upgrades; while backup the final objective: to restore! An effective backup, enabling enterprises to 5% ~ 10% of the investment, to achieve 100% reliable.

Many system administrators, as well as backup knowledge CIO has a certain amount of misunderstanding. One misunderstanding: instead of using a backup copy. In fact, the backup copy is equal to plus management and backup can be planned to achieve, as well as automation, as well as the historical record-keeping and logging. In the case of massive data, if not data management, will be among the ocean into the data. The second misunderstanding is to use pairs of machines, disk array, mirror systems such as redundant data back-up alternative to the server. Should be pointed out that the system redundancy to ensure the business continuity and high availability, system redundancy not a substitute for server data backup, because it can not prevent the vandalism, malicious attacks, viruses, disasters, and only a backup to ensure data foolproof.

At present, the trend is backed up unattended, automated backups, manageability, disaster recovery, these three points are precisely the system’s high efficiency, high availability of data and services and enhanced.

Professional server data backup threshold of the high capital and technology

Most Web site operators or technical personnel of enterprises are only taking into account the host server in which rooms, require much bandwidth, but more importantly, server data backup problems have been neglected. We have visited the province several major telecommunications room, also noted that a server rack, lay the various grades, all varieties are looking for that, but the dedicated server data backup equipment is rarely seen, only seen of a new generation of room at the HP tape drive, but the early models can be seen in the IDC data center full of important data areas, data backup state is extremely unsatisfactory.

Of course, the professional server data backup device is expensive, and many of the company’s technical staff and site technicians do not understand these devices, let alone allow them to use these facilities; and professional backup software, hardware equipment, due to the need the support and cooperation, the whole system cost is not low, and there are certain technological threshold is even more difficult to promote.

The professional way to share the server data backup

So, is there one for a backup data center IDC way?

We feel, based on professional data backup equipment and backup software, data backup is more reliable, but this way the technical threshold and financial thresholds are high, if you want to reduce the device complexity and reduce the technical difficulty to adapt to normal user , then the effect will be backed up is not ideal. We believe that the best approach is to backup the same division as the virtual host to multiple users, we co-pay, so that the backup is effective, low cost, the best way.

This entire room of servers can share the server data backup services are now a number of large-scale professional room has become a value-added services. Room first large-scale acquisition of an internationally renowned data backup equipment such as EMC’s backup product, and then through the network system to back up the service to be extended out of the engine room to any one server as long as the access to data backup network can enjoy this service, of course, it is an additional charge of the services, but the cost of acquisition than the user’s own backup system is much lower and does not require users to consider the complex technical issues.

And this service can not only provide a backup for the user’s server, but also provide a backup for the virtual host. For the virtual host server data backup, some operators as a security measure used directly in their own virtual host server, in order to avoid loss of data caused by the user unnecessary trouble, at no extra charge for; some operators are as an optional virtual host value-added services, charging a small fee.

Database backup is a database administrator working in the most important part, part of the strategic need for a formal review on the basis of some of their own need for frequent testing, this article provides a Windows 32-bit and 64-bit servers to back up Oracle 10g Database approach, Recovery Manager (RMAN) is used as the main backup application, RMAN fast, flexible, and can compress and sometimes the larger part of the file, and to use the recovery catalog. Data Pump Export as a secondary backup application. All steps are automatic, and in the document provides a script explained.

We have Windows 2003 32-bit and 64-bit server is installed Oracle 10g database, we maintain a database, almost 24 * 7 at the start state, but Sunday morning, the implementation of a server restart, we are also occasionally in the maintenance period (such as for Windows, and Oracle patch) turning off the server, we use the Recovery Manager (RMAN) implementation of the online database backup, RMAN is the recommended implementation of the Oracle database backup and recovery methods, RMAN is a great tool, but because we are using Oracle Standard Edition, can not fully benefit from available (and parallelism, block media recovery, the average time to recovery MTTR, etc.) features, but we can still use RMAN as our main backup strategy using RMAN backup, we could be based from the developer or management officer’s request, “refresh” our test database, we are also running on Oracle 10g Data Pump to export the database as an additional protective measures. We use a set of Windows batch scripts, SQL scripts, RMAN scripts and scheduled tasks to make these operations fully automated, our main objective is to as much as possible in order to maintain consistency between the server to simplify things, in most cases, we are successful.

Our backup strategy is very simple RMAN backup once a week, a week and other time to implement the archive log backup, a secondary data pump export or backup. I will give the list of steps, and then explain each step in the interpretation of the notes, there will be installation information, scripts, and suggestions. In your hands to create / update / modify the current backup plan, I suggest that you complete reading this article no further.

We have Oracle 10g to develop the night-time backup strategy 9 steps are:

1, delete the old log files and rename the current log

2, delete all RMAN backup files

3, the implementation of a level 0 RMAN backup

4, create a cloned file

5, creating archive log backup, including restoration of the House Directory

6, delete the Data Pump export file

7, implementation of the Data Pump Export

8, check the error log

9, radio, and / or send an e-mail a brief description of the error

1, delete the old log files and rename the current log

This is performed every day for all of the script creates a log file is a good practice, in step 8, I check all the log errors, so rename the current log, when they are re-named after the very easy to refer to the old job to distinguish the wrong, and these all need to remove the final order does not cause space problems.

Code Listing 1:

qgrep-l rman D: \ oracle \ admin \ common \ backup \ logs \ *>>% LOGFILE%

del / QD: \ oracle \ admin \ common \ backup \ logs \ *. oldlog3>>% LOGFILE%

ren D: \ oracle \ admin \ common \ backup \ logs \ *. oldlog2 *. oldlog3>>% LOGFILE%

ren D: \ oracle \ admin \ common \ backup \ logs \ *. oldlog1 *. oldlog2>>% LOGFILE%

ren D: \ oracle \ admin \ common \ backup \ logs \ *. log *. oldlog1>>% LOGFILE%

Hint: try to automatically clear the log file, we must remember that these commands is not easy.

The following command will backup your entire Linux system in the “ / archive /”file system, in addition to “ / proc /”camouflage file system, “ / mnt /”, “ / archive /”file system (no need to backup our backup files!), as well as Squid caching large data files (yes, in my opinion, a waste of backup media and do not need to go back up) than any mounted file system :

tar-zcvpf / archive/full-backup- `date ‘+% d-% B-% Y’`. tar.gz

- directory / – exclude = mnt – exclude = proc – exclude = var / spool / squid.

Do not be intimidated the above instructions! When we will be divided into two parts, you will find the beauty of this powerful tool.

The above command specifies the options “ z”(compress; backup data via the “ gzip”compression), “ c”(established; an archive file began to be established), “ v”(verbose ; show has a good backup of files), “ p”(to allow preservation; the protection of data will be “memory” that can be replies). “ f”(file) option, followed by his is to write the archive file (or device) name, pay attention to the file name that contains information on how to get, as long as the post with two quotes will be “ date” ring up orders. The general naming convention is the compressed file without adding “. Tar”, compressed files with “ tar.gz”“ – directory”option tells tar at the beginning of the backup before the first jump to the following file path (in this case is “/” directory). “ – exclude”options tell tar not to back up specified files or directories. Finally, “.” symbols tell tar to back up everything in the current directory.

Note: It is important to understand is that tar options are case different! In addition, most of the options can be simplified with the mnemonic numbers (that is. “ F”), or use the easier to remember the full name of the option (that is. “ file”). Ex “-” with a mnemonic character as a prefix as a recognition, in front of the full name of the prefix has two such symbols. Reference to “man” page for more information on the use of tar.

Another example, this time only write to the specified file system (and the previous one apart from all the written examples of the opposite exception) to a SCSI tape drive: tar-cvpf / dev/nst0 – label = “Backup set created on `date ‘+% d-% B-% Y’`. “- directory / – exclude = var / spool / etc home usr / local var / spool

In the above line option, pay attention not to use “ z”(compress) option. I strongly recommended against writing compressed data to tape, because if there is a part of the data tape is damaged, you will lose the entire backup!, However, are not stored in compressed archive file with high recoverability, even if the tape file there is a part of the damage.

Because the tape machine is a character device, there is no way to specify an exact file name. Therefore, the file name assigned to the tar be simplified as device name, “ / dev/nst0”, is a SCSI exchange on the first row of a tape device.

Note: “ / dev/nst0”device will not be back after doing the backup band; it is possible to write the same backup tapes several groups. (You can also choose “ / dev/st0”This device, in which case the tape in the backup will be automatically exhausted back to tape)

Since we can not specify a backup file name, “ – label”option can be written into the file itself to some of this set of backup information.

Finally, only included in the “ / etc /”, “ / home /”, “ / usr / local”, and “ / var / spool /”(apart from Squid’s cache data files) will be written into the tape.

When using tape, you can use the following command back to zone and out of the tape:

mt-f / dev/nst0 rewind

mt-f / dev/nst0 offline

Tips: You will find that when the archive file created, in front of “/” (slash) symbol will be tar removal. This is tar’s default mode of operation, which is intentionally used to protect your important files to avoid overwriting the original version, just in case you accidentally overwrite in the reconstruction process in an incorrect file.

If you really do not like this feature (remember, this is a feature!) You can specify the tar “ – absolute-paths”option, which will be retained in front of slash. However, I do not recommend doing so because it is dangerous!

The use of “ KDat”backup: If you are using the KDE desktop environment, I believe you will find “ KDat”utility is not only strong and very friendly to users. In addition, another advantage is that KDat use “ tar”as its backup engine. Thus, the backup group to write KDat can KDat not only read, can also use tar! This makes KDat become a user-friendly and backup portability in a good choice.

Tips: Even if you decide not to use nor install the full KDE package, if you have installed Qt function hall will still be able to use KDE.

When you first implement KDat, you need to create a backup profile. This profile tells KDat you want to backup system which files. If you want, you can create several backup profile, according to your needs (for example, you can create a profile called “Full Backup” to make a complete backup of the system, or “Quick Backup” only backup the user’s file).

To create a backup profile, you can choose from the menu bar “File” option to select “Create Backup Profile” (or “Backup Profiles” folder, right-click and select “Create Backup Profile”). In the right-hand side is the KDat window, you can change various settings, such as profile name, archive name, tar options, as well as others. Click the “Help” menu on the use of these settings instructions.

To specify which files should be included in your backup profile, in the “/” directory folder icon next to the check left click on the knock. This will make sure that all of the files and everything in this directory will be backed up. Then, in the folder symbol next to a small “+” knocked about on the left, the folder will be conducted to show the following files and directories. You may not want to exclude the backup files; as long as you want to exclude a file or directory for each check symbol next to knock about on the left. For example, a full backup should contain all the files have been marked and directories, it is necessary to exclude “ / proc”(a camouflaged file system, including your current operating system information ),“/ mnt”(located on the following CD-ROM directory, floppy disk drive, network share are often mounted on this), and if you are Squid users, “ / var / spool / squid”(Squid’s cache data files). Once you have selected a suitable file backups you create a good profile, click left, and then “Files>>” button on the left click on selected files will be moved into your backup profile.

Note: If your server data to so great as to not actually stored on tapes, you need to create separate backup profiles, each part of a backup group.

The actual conduct of the backup, it will put a tape from the “File” menu, select “Mount Tape” (or click with the mouse knock on the icon that looks like tape).

This will “mount” the tape (in fact, because the tape drive is a character device, in fact, can not mount it – in fact only the first KDat back belt, trying to get a reading at the beginning of information, if successful, to find the tape machine meet index. Otherwise, KDat will remind you to format the tape.

(Note: If you KDat continued to reflect the tape in the tape drive but it is not a matter of fact, you should determine the parameters specified in the tape drive name is correct, in the menu bar, click with the mouse knock on “Edit” option and then select “User Preferences” .)

Once the KDat has mounted a good tape backup before you start you must select the backup profile. When you want to start the backup, as long as the backup profile you want to knock on the Right-click, and then “Backup” knock about on the left. KDat will first display a dialog box to tell you about your choice backed up profile details; in the “Ok” on the left will begin to knock about the backup.

When the backup began, KDat will show a variety of status information of the dialog box (after time, the backup size, backup rate, estimated remaining time, file number and total number of bytes to write), and has a list of backup files. 1 gigabyte of information that contains several full backup may take several hours. If necessary, during the backup process at any time you can “Abort” button on the left knocking about to give up the backup.

Once the backup is complete, you can select the menu bar “Edit”, then select “Unmount Tape” to alleviate the mounting tape, or tape icon knocked about, so that the tape will be back to take and then jump out.

Undoubtedly, the ratio of line backup more important things is that when the problem occurred after the resumption of the normal give important files!